Skolgång och uppehållstillstånd

fredag 24 augusti 2018

Om det generella (förvärrade) säkerhetsläget i Afghanistan


Material att använda i samband med överklagan och verkställighetshinder. Sammanställt augusti 2018 av Lisa Carlgren, Göteborg (organisationsforskare, frivillig familjehemsförälder). I syfte att stötta afghanska ungdomar som fått avslag med hänvisning till att de kan leva i en annan del av landet, samt de som inte längre är muslimer.


EASO Coi Report Afghanistan: Security Situation – Update 2018

Här finns detaljinfo om olika regioner. Jag har plockat ut Baghlan för att det var relevant, man kan hitta andra med. Problemet är väl att säkerhetsläget ändras drastiskt på kort tid som vi sett på sistone.

Update on the general security situation

“In August 2017, the United Nations (UN) Secretary General changed its assessment of Afghanistan, for the first time since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001, from a country in a situation of ‘post-conflict’ to ‘a country undergoing a conflict that shows few signs of abating’. Similarly, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aid (UNOCHA) stated in December 2017 that ‘what was once a low intensity conflict has now escalated into a war’. And following a series of high-profile attacks launched by antigovernment elements in urban centres, the UN Secretary General, in February 2018, stated that the security situation was ‘highly unstable’.” (page 20)

Conflict severity

”Included below is the conflict severity map, produced by UNOCHA. The conflict severity is characterised by three indicators: security incidents; civilian casualties; and conflict-induced displacement, which are representative for the period from 1 January to 31 December 2017. The shading on the map is based on an average of the ranking of all districts on these indicators”.



Security situation in Kabul city: In 2017, Kabul province accounted for the highest number of civilian casualties in Afghanistan, which is due mainly to deliberate attacks in Kabul city; 16 % of all civilian casualties in Afghanistan occurred in Kabul. Suicide attacks and complex attacks, as well as other types of incidents which also include the use of IEDs, pushed up the rate of civilian casualties in Kabul. One high-profile attack in May 2017 alone accounted for a third of all civilian casualties. UNAMA stated that in 2017, in Kabul city, suicide and complex attacks caused 1 612 civilian casualties (440 deaths and 1 172 injured), a 17 % increase compared to 2016. In January 2018, at least 174 people were killed in attacks in Kabul city alone (page 27).

In June 2017, UNHCR and the Norwegian refugee Council made the following assessment: ‘Kabul province has received the highest number of returnees in 2017, and historically since 2002. Its capacity to absorb and reintegrate refugees returning to Afghanistan, as well as IDPs from other provinces is minimal. IDPs and returnees are mostly settling in the outskirts of the capital where basic services are lacking’ (page 33).

I rapporten finns också detaljerad information om de olika provinserna!

UNAMA midyear report 2018

MIDYEAR UPDATE ON THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN ARMED CONFLICT: 1 JANUARY TO 30 JUNE 2018

“In the first six months of 2018, the armed conflict continued to destroy the lives and livelihoods of civilians at the same toxic levels as last year. The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) renews its calls on parties to the conflict to increase efforts to protect the civilian population and encourages parties to work towards reaching a peaceful settlement. From 1 January to 30 June 2018, UNAMA documented 5,122 civilian casualties (1,692 deaths and 3,430 injured) - a three per cent overall decrease from last year - reflecting the same levels of harm to civilians as those documented in during the same period in 2017 and 2016. Civilian deaths increased by one per cent while the number of civilians injured decreased by five per cent.”


UNAMA presentation April 2018, conclusions of the above report


 
“Internal protection alternatives (e.g. in Kabul, Heart) are not “relevant and reasonable” in the absence of family support or an effective community network”.

  

Finlands utrikesministerium


”Olli Ruohomäki, specialrådgivare på Utrikesministeriet, är sällsynt frispråkig för att vara tjänsteman, men han vet vad han talar om. Ruohomäki är Finlands främsta expert på Afghanistan efter att ha deltagit i sjutton olika operationer i landet sedan år 2003.
– Jag har hunnit besöka varje del av Afghanistan. Senast var jag där i fjol i egenskap av chargé d'affair.
Förutom att han rest överallt i landet har han publicerat många vetenskapliga verk om landets situation.
– Jag kan lugnt säga att jag har ett stort kontaktnät i Afghanistan.”
[…]
”Ruohomäki anser personligen att utvisningsbeslut av afghanska flyktingar nu måste läggas på is i väntan på vad som sker de närmaste tiderna.
– Exempelvis Italien och Frankrike utvisar ingen till Afghanistan just nu.
Ruohomäki får flankstöd av två andra kända Afghanistanexperter.
– Utländska ambassadörer och diplomater vågar inte röra sig i Kabul och inte heller på just några andra ställen utan hundraprocentigt bepansrade fordon och eskort. Det måste bli ett slut på allt prat om Afghanistans säkerhet, säger Afghanistanforskaren Hameed Hakimi i en intervju för Yle.”


Amnesty international – after the student attacts in Kabul august 2018


“The mounting civilian casualties show beyond any doubt that Afghanistan and, in particular, its capital Kabul, are not safe. Violence across the country over the first six months of 2018 has been at record levels. And yet people fleeing the conflict, making desperate journeys to neighboring countries and to Europe, are being turned away in the thousands. These returns are a violation of international law, breaching the principle of non-refoulement by forcing people into harm’s away.”

“According to UN figures released last month, 1,692 people were killed in the first six months of 2018 – more than at any comparable period of time since records began being compiled a decade ago. Over that same period of time, 3,430 people were also injured”.



Länkar till dokument


Lifos extern country guidance Afghanistan 2018-06-21 (page 60-63 atheism)

EASO  Country Guidance: Afghanistan - Guidance note and common analysis. June 2018 (detta är samma som ovan, men från EASOs site)

Lifos: Afghanistan: ateism, apostasi 2017-12-21, version 1.0

EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Afghanistan Individuals targeted under societal and legal norms. December 2012 (I haven’t had the time to look)

Lifos extern:äldre landsinfo om Afghanistan

Lifos: Migrationsöverdomstolens avgörande den 30 november 2011 (mål nr UM 7850-10), MIG 2011:29

Lifos: Rättsligt ställningstagande angående religion som asylskäl inklusive konvertering. RCI 26/2012

Lifos: Rättsligt ställningstagande angående den individuella prövningen av individer tillhörande minoriteter och andra grupper i Iran samt flyktingskap sur place för individer ur denna grupp. RCI 16/2012

Lifos: Rekommendationer


On ”young westernized Afghans’ return”

Blogspot Stoppa utvisningarna – har fler länkar.

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